A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF RENAL CALCULI AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED IN MEDICAL WARD AT SELECTED HOSPITAL RAJASTHAN

Abstract

Renal calculi are commonly known as kidney stones which affects excretory and secretary function of the urinary system. The urinary system is a group of organs that consist of two kidneys and two ureters with single bladder and urethra. The main function of this system is filtering the blood stream and excrete out the unwanted fluids and other chemical substance through the urine. Urine is liquid it contains excess mineral and vitamins with waste product of metabolism. It also maintains homeostasis with acid base balance and electrolyte balance of blood. Any occlusion in the pathway of obstructs the urine output and rather affects the entire system. The formation of kidney stone is termed as renal calculi more commonly known as kidney stones. In medical condition the terminology of having urinary calculi is termed as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis where the root word “Lith” meaning “a stone”. People who live in hot climates and become dehydrated more faster are risk for renal calculi due to the loss of more fluids from the body. Renal calculi lodge within the urinary system produce common symptoms like blood in the urine and pain in the abdomen, flank, renal colic that radiates from the lumbar region to the pubic region, sweating, nausea and vomiting. It occurs 1 in 20 people at some time in their life. Stones are formed in the urinary tract when urinary concentration of substances such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid are increased. This is referred to as super saturation and is depends on the amount of substance, certain factors favour the formation of stone including infection, urinary stasis and period of immobility. Among the urologic disorder, kidney stones are one of the most painful, which are not a product of modern life and also unfortunately, among disorder of urinary tract, kidney stones are one of the most common disorder. Globally a large number of people are suffering from urinary stone problem. Kidney stones which are solid crystals that form from dissolved minerals in urine, can be caused by both environmental and metabolic problems. In economically developed countries almost 70% of all renal stones are observed to be calcium oxalate and phosphate stones. People between 30 to 60 years of age most commonly affect with kidney stone in which it affects more commonly in men than women. It is estimated that renal colic, severe pain caused by a renal calculi affects 10-20% of men, and 3-5% of women. 12% of the population in India is expected to have urinary stones, out of which 50% may end up with loss of kidneys or renal damage. Among all types of stones recurrent stone formation is a common problem which acts as an important part of medical care of patients with stone disease.