FORMULATION STRATEGIES AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Floating sustained release tablets represent a significant advancement in the field of oral controlled drug delivery systems. Designed to prolong gastric residence time, these dosage forms enhance drug absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract and improve bioavailability, especially for drugs with narrow absorption windows. The technology is based on low-density systems that remain buoyant on gastric fluid, ensuring prolonged retention and controlled drug release at the site of absorption. Various approaches, including effervescent and non-effervescent mechanisms, have been employed to develop floating systems using polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carbopol, sodium alginate, and ethyl cellulose. Recent studies highlight their role in reducing dosing frequency, maintaining steady plasma drug concentration, minimizing fluctuations, and improving patient compliance. This review focuses on the principles, formulation strategies, evaluation parameters, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of floating sustained release tablets, underscoring their potential in optimizing therapeutic outcomes.