EXPLORING THE ROLE OF POLYMERS IN SUSTAINED GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Abstract

Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDS) are designed to prolong the residence time of dosage forms in the stomach, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of drugs that are primarily absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract or have a narrow absorption window. One of the key components determining the performance of these systems is the use of suitable polymers. Both natural and synthetic polymers have been widely explored for their ability to provide buoyancy, mucoadhesion, swelling, and gel formation. Natural polymers like chitosan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, pectin, and guar gum are favored for their biodegradability and biocompatibility. In contrast, synthetic and semi-synthetic polymers such as Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), Carbopol, Polyox WSR, and Ethyl Cellulose offer predictable behavior and consistent drug release profiles. This review article explores the types, roles, mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of various polymers used in GRDDS, with an emphasis on their formulation potential and future prospects.