DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION FLUOXETINE AND EMBELIN LOADED LIPOSOMES FOR NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

Abstract

Neurological disorders represent a major global health burden, affecting millions of individuals worldwide and encompassing neurotraumatic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Conventional therapeutic approaches often face significant challenges due to poor drug bioavailability, limited blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration, systemic side effects, and inadequate targeting of affected neural tissues. Liposomes have emerged as a promising nanocarrier-based drug delivery system capable of overcoming these limitations. Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic therapeutic agents, thereby enhancing drug stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to cross biological barriers make them attractive candidates for neurological applications. Various preparation techniques, including thin-film hydration, reverse-phase evaporation, extrusion, sonication, and detergent removal methods, have been developed to optimize liposomal formulations. Liposomes have demonstrated considerable potential in the treatment of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, epilepsy, stroke, and other central nervous system disorders. Furthermore, liposomal systems have shown utility in gene delivery, vaccine development, diagnostic imaging, and controlled drug release. This review highlights the classification, preparation methods, mechanisms of action, characterization, evaluation parameters, advantages, and therapeutic applications of liposomes in neurological disorders. The findings suggest that liposomal drug delivery systems offer a promising strategy for improving therapeutic outcomes and advancing the management of neurological diseases.