STUDY OF THE DETECTION OF PCR PRODUCTS USING STANDARD AGAROSE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

Abstract

This thesis investigates the detection of DNA products obtained through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using standard agarose gel electrophoresis. The study analyzes the ability to determine the presence, size, and quality of PCR products. The results demonstrate that agarose gel electrophoresis is a simple, accurate, and reliable method. This technique is widely used and plays an important role in molecular biology and genetics. Enter Currently, molecular biology and genetics are one of the fastest growing fields. Scientific research in these areas serves to deeply study the genetic structure of living organisms, identify hereditary diseases, and improve biotechnological processes. In particular, the analysis of the DNA molecule and the identification of its components remains one of the main tasks of modern biology. In this regard, methods for amplifying and identifying DNA fragments are of great scientific and practical importance. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most important methods for amplifying DNA fragments in vitro. This method can be used to amplify very small amounts of DNA samples to millions of copies in a short time. PCR technology is widely used in medicine for early detection of diseases, in forensics for personal identification, and in agriculture for genetic selection. Therefore, the detection of PCR products and their quality assessment are important stages. There are various methods for analyzing the products obtained after the PCR process, among which the agarose gel electrophoresis method is considered the most common and effective. This method is based on the separation of DNA molecules according to their size under the influence of an electric field. With the help of agarose gel electrophoresis, it is possible to determine the length of DNA fragments, confirm their presence, and assess the success of the amplification process. The advantages of the agarose gel electrophoresis method are its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high accuracy. In addition, this method allows for rapid results in laboratory conditions. At the same time, this method can also detect incorrect amplification, contamination, or other technical errors. This increases the reliability of the results of scientific research.