THE ROLE OF RADIATION DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN DETERMINING THE PREVALENCE OF FOCAL THYROID LESIONS IN THE KHOREZM REGION

Abstract

Focal thyroid lesions are increasingly detected worldwide due to the widespread use of advanced imaging technologies. This study evaluates the role of radiation diagnostic methods in assessing the prevalence, structural characteristics, and clinical significance of focal thyroid lesions in the Khorezm region, a population potentially affected by iodine deficiency. A cross-sectional observational study included 450 patients undergoing thyroid imaging with ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound served as the primary screening tool, with nodules classified according to the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS). CT identified incidental nodules and assessed anatomical relationships, while MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging, provided additional tissue characterization. Results showed a prevalence of 62% for focal thyroid lesions, predominantly in females (70%) and individuals over 40 years (65%). Most nodules were classified as low-risk (TI-RADS 2–3). Ultrasound demonstrated the highest sensitivity (95%), MRI showed superior specificity (90%), and CT contributed to anatomical assessment and incidental detection. The integration of multiple diagnostic methods enhances epidemiological assessment and supports early clinical decision-making. These findings highlight the need for standardized imaging protocols and region-specific screening strategies to optimize thyroid disease management.