A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PILATES EXERCISE TRAINING ON SELECTED POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN IN IMPROVING PAIN, FLEXIBILITY AND ENDURANCE IN SELECTED VILLAGE AREA OF NEMAWAR

Abstract

Low back pain is a major global health concern affecting individuals across all age groups. However, postmenopausal women are particularly vulnerable due to physiological changes that occur during menopause. The decline in estrogen levels during menopause contributes to decreased bone density, reduced muscle strength, and degenerative changes in the vertebral column. These changes increase susceptibility to musculoskeletal problems, particularly non-specific low back pain. Non-specific low back pain refers to pain in the lumbar region that is not associated with identifiable pathological causes such as fracture, infection, or malignancy. It is usually related to muscular imbalance, poor posture, weak core muscles, and reduced flexibility. Among postmenopausal women, prolonged household activities, agricultural work, lifting heavy loads, and lack of regular physical exercise can further aggravate spinal discomfort.