RADIOTHERAPY IN ADVANCED SINO-NASAL MUCOSAL MALIGNANT MELANOMA, AFTER PROGRESSION WITH TEMOZOLOMIDE TREATMENT: A CASE REPORT WITH LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Background: Nasal mucosal and paranasal sinus melanomas are very
rarely seen. These tumours are resistant to therapy and rates of regional
recurrence and distant metastasis are very high. Surgery has been the
primary treatment modality. Radiotherapy, immunotherapy and
chemotherapy are other therapeutical methods.
Case: In our sino-nasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) case, disease was
progressed following temozolomide therapy. Consequently, radiotherapy
was initiated to the head and neck region of the patient, with a total dose
of 6600 cGy. The control paranasal CT taken after two months revealed
that a full response was obtained in the primary tumour.
Discussion: In our case, a full local control was achieved with
radiotherapy initiated following the progression after two courses of
temozolomide.
References
McKinnon JG, Kokal WA, Neifeld JP, Kay S. Natural history and treatment of mucosal melanoma. J Surg Oncol 1989;41:222-5.
Batsakis JG. Pathology of tumours of the nasal cavity and. paranasal sinuses and neck cancer. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 1999. p. 522-9.
Huang SF, Liao CT, Kan CR, Chen IH. Primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: 12 years of experience. J Otolaryngol 2007;36:124-9
Goldman JA, Lawson W, Zak FG. The presence of melanocytes in the human larynx. Laryngoscope 1972;82:824-35.
Lund VJ, Howard DJ, Harding L, Wei W. Management options and survival in malignant melanoma of the sinonasal mucosa. Laryngoscope 1999;109:208-11.
Clifton N, Harrison L, Bradley PJ, Jones NS. Malignant melanoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: report of 24 patients and literature review. J Laryngol Otol 2011;125(5):479-85.
Lin J, Li C, Wu G, Zeng Z. Analysis of prognostic factors of primary mucosal melanoma in nasal and oral cavity. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2012;26(2):49-52.
Ishihara K, Yamazaki N, Asano K. Chemotherapy of malignant melanoma. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1993;20(10):1287-92.
Kharoubi S. Malignant melanoma of nasal fossae: clinical and therapeutic considerations about three cases. Cancer Radiother 2005;9(2):99-103.
Khademi B, Bahranifard H, Nasrollahi H, Mohammadianpanah M. Primary mucosal melanoma of the sinonasal tract: report of 18 patients and analysis of 1077 patients in the literature. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2011;77(1):58-64.
Guzzo M, Grandi C, Licitra L et al. Mucosal malignant melanoma of head and neck: forty-eight cases treated at Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. Eur J Surg Oncol 1993;19(4):316-9.
Ulutin C, Güden M, Pak Y. Local control of mucosal malignant melanoma after combined treatment (surgery and postoperative radiotherapy); a case presentation, Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2002;22(2):200-2.
Rapini RP, Golitz LE, Greer RO Jr. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. A review of 177 cases. Cancer 1985;55:1543-51.
Kanetaka S, Tsukuda M, Takahashi M et al. Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. Exp Ther Med 2011;2(5):907-910.
Ridolfi L, Petrini M, Granato AM et al. Low-dose temozolomide before dendritic-cell vaccination reduces (specifically) CD4+CD25++Foxp3+
Panacea Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2 (2) (2013) 78-81
regulatory T-cells in advanced melanoma patients. J Transl Med 2013;11(1):135.
Shojaku H, Takakura H, Tachino H et al. Response to intra-arterial cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy in a patient with primary mucosal malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity. Head Neck 2013;35(4):131-7.
Seo W, Ogasawara H, Sakagami M. Chemohormonal therapy for malignant melanomas of the nasal and paranasal mucosa. Rhinology 1997;35(1):19-21.
Mihajlovic M, Vlajkovic S, Jovanovic P, Stefanovic V. Primary mucosal melanomas: a comprehensive review. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2012;5(8):739-53.
Wu BJ, Li WP, Qian C et al. Serum soluble MICB (sMICB) correlates with disease progression and survival in melanoma patients. Tumour Biol 2013;34(1):565-9.
Rivera RS, Nagatsuka H, Gunduz M. C-kit protein expression correlated with activating mutations in KIT gene in oral mucosal melanoma. Virchows Arch 2008;452:27-32.
Antonescu CR, Busam KJ, Francone TD. L576P KIT mutation in anal melanomas correlates with KIT protein expression and is sensitive to specific kinase inhibition. Int J Cancer 2007;121:257-64.
Ali S. Role of c-kit/SCF in cause and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). Gene 2007;401:38-45.
Nelson JD, Cameron JD. The conjunctiva: Anatomy and physiology. In: Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, editors. Cornea. 2nd Ed. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2005. p. 37-43.
Lutzky J, Bauer J, Bastian BC. Dose-dependent, complete response to imatinib of a metastatic mucosal melanoma with a K642E KIT mutation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008;21:492-3.
Balch CM, Buzaid AC, Soong SJ. Final version of the American joint committee on cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3635-48.
Gilligan D, Slevin NJ. Radical radiotherapy for 28 cases of mucosal melanoma in nasal cavity and sinuses. Br J Radiol 1991;64:1147-50.
Harwood AR, Cummings BJ. Radiotherapy for mucosal melanomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys1982;8:1121-6.
Bleehen NM, Newlands ES, Lee SM et al. Cancer Research Campaign phase II trial of temozolomide in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:910-13.
Bajetta E, Del VM, Bernard-Marty C et al. Semin Oncol. Metastatic melanoma: chemotherapy. Medical Oncology Unit B, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy 2002;29(5):427-45.
Kızıltan HŞ, Yayinlari E. Kanser: Belirtiler, Korunma ve Tedavi Yolları. Edit: Dikmen MH. Turkiye: Elit Kültür Yayın; 2010, p. 80-85.
Homsi J, Cubitt CL, Zhang S et al. Src activation in melanoma and Src inhibitors as therapeutic agents in melanoma. Melanoma Res 2009;19(3):167-75.
Papadatos-Pastos D, Januszewski A, Dalgleish A. Revisiting the role of systemic therapies in patients with metastatic melanoma to the CNS. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013;13(5):559-67.
Balakan O, Süner A, Yiğiter R et al. Long-term survival in metastatic malignant melanoma: ipilimumab followed by vemurafenib in a patient with brain metastasis. Intern Med 2012;51(19):2819-23.
Seetharamu N, Ott PA, Pavlick AC. Mucosal Melanomas: A case-based review of the literature. The Oncologist 2010;15(7):772-81.
