NEPHROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/prl.ijayush.v15i06%20(June).2166Keywords:
Nephrotoxicity; Nephroprotective Activity; Acute Kidney Injury; Chronic Renal Failure; Medicinal Plants; Gentamicin; Cisplatin; Paracetamol; Oxidative Stress; Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity; Antioxidants; Phytoconstituents; Renal Protection; Herbal Medicine; Kidney Disorders.Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a major clinical concern characterized by deterioration of renal function resulting from exposure to therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins, and chemical agents. The increasing use of nephrotoxic medications such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), chemotherapeutic agents, and radiographic contrast media has significantly contributed to the prevalence of acute and chronic kidney disorders. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is mediated through multiple mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in renal hemodynamics. Among the nephrotoxic agents, gentamicin, cisplatin, and paracetamol are widely used experimental models for evaluating nephroprotective interventions. Medicinal plants have gained considerable attention as potential nephroprotective agents owing to their rich content of bioactive phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activities. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of various medicinal plants in preventing or attenuating renal damage induced by nephrotoxic agents. This review summarizes the etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of nephrotoxicity, with particular emphasis on drug-induced renal injury. Furthermore, the review highlights the nephroprotective potential of medicinal plants, their mechanisms of action, and experimental evidence supporting their use in renal disorders. The findings suggest that plant-derived therapeutics may serve as promising alternatives or adjuncts in the prevention and management of nephrotoxicity, although further clinical investigations are required to establish their safety and efficacy in humans.
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