A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON AYURVEDIC PRINCIPLES OF SANDHIGATAVATA W.S.R TO OSTEOARTHRITIS

Abstract

Sandhigatavata is classified under Vatavyadhi in numerous classical Ayurvedic texts, including the Samhita and Sangraha Granthas. It remains a significant global challenge, contributing to a high prevalence of chronic pain and musculoskeletal disability in industrialized nations. The primary pathological process involves the affliction of the joints (Sandhis) due to the localized aggravation of Vata Dosha accompanied by Dhatukshaya (tissue depletion) or Avarana (pathological rechanneling/obstruction). This comprehensive review delineates the classical etymology, anatomical structures, multifactorial etiopathogenesis (Nidana Panchaka), differential diagnosis (Vyavachedhaka Nidana), and structured treatment principles (Chikitsa Sutra) of Sandhigatavata, particularly focusing on the knee joint (Janu Sandhi). Therapeutic modalities such as Snehana, Swedana, Virechana, Upanaha, Agnikarma, Bandhana, and Basti are detailed alongside holistic pathways including Yoga and Rasayana, offering an evidence-based structural framework for clinical management.