KATISOOLA (LOW BACK PAIN): A CLASSICAL REVIEW OF NIDANA, SAMPRAPTI, AND CHIKITSA

Abstract

Background: Katisoola is a commonly described condition in Ayurveda, characterized by pain and stiffness in the Kati Pradesh. It is primarily considered a Vata Pradhana Vyadhi, though association with Kapha is also described in certain stages. In contemporary medicine, this condition closely correlates with Low Back Pain, which is one of the leading causes of disability and reduced quality of life across all age groups. Classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya provide detailed descriptions regarding its causative factors, pathogenesis, and management. Aim: To review and analyze Katisoola with respect to its Nidana, Samprapti, and Chikitsa as described in classical Ayurvedic literature and to establish its relevance with Low Back Pain. Objectives: To study the Nidana of Katisoola described in classical Ayurvedic texts. To understand the Samprapti of Katisoola with special emphasis on Vata Dosha. To review the principles of Chikitsa for Katisoola as mentioned by the Acharyas. To correlate Katisoola with Low Back Pain from a contemporary clinical perspective. Materials and Methods: A literary review was conducted by critically analyzing classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and relevant commentaries. Supporting information from modern medical literature related to Low Back Pain was also reviewed for correlation. Results: The review highlights that Katisoola predominantly arises due to Vata Prakopa caused by faulty posture, excessive physical strain, improper dietary habits, and suppression of natural urges. The Samprapti involves Vata Dushti localized in the Kati Pradesh, leading to pain, stiffness, and restricted movements. Chikitsa principles such as Snehana, Swedana, Basti, and use of Vata Shamaka Aushadha are emphasized as effective modalities. Conclusion: Katisoola is a well-defined clinical entity in Ayurveda with a clear description of its Nidana, Samprapti, and Chikitsa. Ayurvedic management, based on Vata Shamana and Samprapti Vighatana, offers a holistic and effective approach for managing Low Back Pain and improving functional outcomes.