CONCEPT OF BALA IN AYURVEDA: A NARRATIVE REVIEW WITH SCIENTIFIC INSIGHTS

Abstract

Ayurveda interprets every concept through multiple layers of understanding, allowing each physiological and anatomical entity to be viewed from diverse angles. Bala is one such multidimensional concept. In contemporary context, Bala closely parallels the notion of immunity and is linked with entities such as Ojas, VyadhiKshamatava, and Kapha Prakrita Karma. In Ayurvedic diagnostics and therapeutics, Bala serves as a foundational determinant, as its expression is influenced by the balanced state of Agni, Aahara, Dosha, Prakriti, Sarata, and other physiological attributes. Since immunity governs the susceptibility, course, and resolution of diseases, Bala and immunity exhibit a strong interrelationship. Classical texts make it evident that Bala significantly contributes to the determination of Sadhya–Asadhyatwa, the interpretation of Arishta Lakshana, and various components of Nidan Panchaka including Hetu, Poorvaroopa, Rupa, and Samprapti. Hence, the assessment of Bala forms an essential element of clinical evaluation. Therapeutic planning and selection of treatment modalities also depend considerably on the level of Bala, making it crucial for deciding the appropriate Vyadhi Chikitsa. Ayurvedic literature further asserts that Bala cannot be accurately judged merely by observing external body build. A person with a well-developed physique may not always possess adequate functional strength, whereas an individual with a lean body frame may demonstrate exceptional stability and endurance. Given that Bala plays a decisive role in assessing disease severity and prognosis, the establishment of objective and clinically applicable parameters for its assessment is necessary for its effective use in clinical practice.