A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE CONCEPT OF KRIYA KALA: STAGES OF DISEASE MANIFESTATION IN AYURVEDA

Abstract

Background In Ayurveda, Kriya Kala describes the dynamic progression of Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala imbalance from a physiological to a pathological state. It is a unique concept that emphasizes early recognition and timely intervention to prevent disease manifestation. This framework, originally described by Acharya Sushruta, represents a vital link between health maintenance (Swasthya Rakshana) and disease management (Vyadhi Chikitsa). Aim and Objectives Aim To critically review and analyze the Ayurvedic concept of Kriya Kala with reference to the stages of disease manifestation and its preventive significance. Objectives To study the origin and classical descriptions of Kriya Kala in Ayurvedic literature. To explain the six stages of Kriya Kala (Sanchaya, Prakopa, Prasara, Sthanasamsraya, Vyakti, and Bheda). To correlate each Kriya Kala with modern concepts of disease pathogenesis. To highlight the diagnostic and preventive importance of Kriya Kala in clinical practice. To emphasize the role of Kriya Kala in early disease detection and timely intervention. Methods A comprehensive literary review was conducted using Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and other Ayurvedic treatises. Modern medical literature on disease progression and preventive pathology was also reviewed to establish conceptual parallels. The study involved descriptive analysis, comparison, and synthesis of Ayurvedic and biomedical perspectives. Results Acharya Sushruta’s six Kriya Kala—Sanchaya, Prakopa, Prasara, Sthanasamsraya, Vyakti, and Bheda—provide a systematic approach to understanding disease evolution. The initial three stages correspond to reversible, preclinical phases where early diagnosis can halt disease development, while the latter three indicate progressive pathology. Correlation with modern pathophysiology reveals conceptual similarities with inflammatory and degenerative processes. Conclusion The concept of Kriya Kala demonstrates Ayurveda’s deep preventive vision, offering a structured model for understanding disease dynamics from subtle imbalance to overt pathology. Integrating Kriya Kala into modern clinical practice could enhance early disease prediction, preventive strategies, and holistic patient management.