UNDERSTANDING THE DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH OF AYURVEDA THROUGH SHADVIDHA PARIKSHA

Abstract

Accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of effective treatment in Ayurveda. The classical concept of Shadvidha Pariksha—comprising Shrota (auscultation and hearing), Ghrana (olfaction), Rasana (taste perception), Chakshu (inspection and observation), Sparsha (palpation and touch), and Prashna (interrogation)—provides a comprehensive sensory-based diagnostic framework. These six methods enable a physician to evaluate both Roga (disease) and Rogi (patient) through direct and indirect perception. Each sense organ serves as a diagnostic instrument, helping assess dosha imbalance, tissue status, and systemic involvement. Chakshu Pariksha aids in visual examination of body features; Sparsha Pariksha helps determine temperature, tenderness, and texture; Ghrana and Rasana analyze odour and taste changes indicative of pathological states; Shrota Pariksha assists in detecting sounds of respiration, speech, or internal disturbances; and Prashna Pariksha provides subjective data regarding symptoms and history. This multi-sensory diagnostic system reflects the holistic and empirical approach of Ayurveda, correlating perceptual skills with clinical judgment. The present paper aims to elucidate the significance, method, and clinical applicability of Shadvidha Pariksha in Rog Nidan, emphasizing its relevance in contemporary diagnostic practice.