THE ROLE OF SNEHANA AND SWEDANA KARMA IN SHODHANA CHIKITSA: AN EVIDENCE-BASED RESEARCH

Abstract

Background: In Ayurveda, Snehana (oleation) and Swedana (sudation) are the preparatory (Purva Karma) procedures essential for successful Shodhana Chikitsa (bio-purification therapy). These therapies help in mobilizing the Doshas from deeper tissues to the gastrointestinal tract for expulsion. Traditional texts elaborate their use for disease prevention and management, particularly in chronic and complex disorders. In recent times, their therapeutic relevance has gained attention through modern clinical research. Aim: To critically analyze the classical principles, physiological mechanisms, and clinical evidence supporting the role of Snehana and Swedana Karma in enhancing the efficacy of Shodhana Chikitsa. Objectives: To review the classical references related to Snehana and Swedana Karma. To assess the pharmacological and physiological mechanisms involved. To evaluate contemporary clinical studies demonstrating their therapeutic outcomes. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts (Bṛhattrayī, Laghutrayī, and relevant commentaries) along with a comprehensive search of modern databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and AYUSH Research Portal. Studies were selected based on relevance, methodological quality, and clinical outcomes. Results: Classical references confirm the pivotal role of Snehana and Swedana in disease prevention and management. Modern studies have validated their effects in improving circulation, reducing inflammation, enhancing metabolism, and facilitating the elimination of metabolic wastes. Clinical trials highlight their efficacy in musculoskeletal disorders, metabolic syndromes, skin diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. Conclusion: Snehana and Swedana Karma remain integral to Shodhana Chikitsa, with their effectiveness supported by both traditional wisdom and modern scientific research. Their proper application can optimize therapeutic outcomes and improve patient quality of life.