ESSENCE OF LIFE: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF RASA DHATU IN AYURVEDIC PHYSIOLOGY

Abstract

Background: In Ayurveda, Rasa Dhatu is considered the first and most fundamental of the Saptadhatus (seven body tissues), formed immediately after digestion and absorption of food (Ahaara Rasa). It plays a vital role in the nourishment and maintenance of life, serving as the precursor for subsequent Dhatus and as the carrier of vitality, immunity, and emotional stability. Objectives: This review aims to explore the classical and contemporary perspectives on Rasa Dhatu, its formation, functions, pathological imbalances, and its relevance in modern clinical practice. Methods: A textual analysis was conducted using references from Bṛhattrayī (Charaka, Sushruta, and Ashtanga Hridaya), along with major Teekas like Nibandha Sangraha and Ghanekar Teeka. Secondary sources included contemporary Ayurvedic research articles and cross-references from modern physiology related to plasma and lymphatic circulation. Results: Rasa Dhatu is chiefly governed by Kapha Dosha and nourishes the entire body via Rasavaha Srotas. It corresponds functionally to plasma and interstitial fluids in modern physiology. It provides sustenance to Rakta Dhatu, governs immunity (Vyadhikshamatva), supports emotional wellness, and plays a key role in female reproductive physiology, especially in lactation (Stanya). Disorders of Rasa Dhatu include Rasa Kshaya, Rasavaha Srotodushti, leading to fatigue, dryness, emotional instability, and lowered immunity. Conclusion: Rasa Dhatu holds a central position in Ayurvedic physiology as the primary carrier of nourishment and vitality. A deeper understanding of Rasa Dhatu and its imbalances can enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in both classical and integrative medicine.