A PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND ITS CLINICAL PROCEDURES

Abstract

Blood pressure (BP) is a fundamental physiological parameter reflecting the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. It serves as a critical indicator of cardiovascular health, influenced by cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume, and vascular compliance. This review explores the physiological mechanisms regulating BP, including the roles of the autonomic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and baroreceptor reflexes in maintaining homeostasis. The clinical assessment of BP involves standardized procedures using sphygmomanometers or automated devices to ensure accurate measurements. Key techniques include proper patient positioning, cuff placement, and adherence to guidelines for multiple readings. Ambulatory and home BP monitoring provide additional insights into circadian variations and white-coat hypertension. The clinical interpretation of BP measurements is crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions like hypertension, hypotension, and related cardiovascular disorders. This review highlights the integration of physiological knowledge and clinical practices in BP assessment, emphasizing the importance of standardized methods and continuous monitoring. Advancements in BP measurement technologies and a deeper understanding of its physiological regulation offer significant potential for improving patient outcomes in cardiovascular care.