A PHYSIOLOGICAL ECG PROCEDURE AND ITS CLINICAL EXAMINATION

Abstract

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a fundamental diagnostic tool in clinical medicine, providing critical insights into the electrical activity of the heart. This review critically examines the procedure for recording an ECG and its clinical applications in diagnosing and managing cardiovascular disorders. The ECG procedure involves placing electrodes on specific anatomical landmarks to capture the heart's electrical signals, which are then represented graphically as waveforms corresponding to the cardiac cycle. Each component of the ECG trace—P wave, QRS complex, T wave, and intervals—offers valuable information about atrial and ventricular activity, conduction pathways, and overall cardiac function.

Clinically, ECG is indispensable for detecting arrhythmias, ischemic changes, electrolyte imbalances, and structural abnormalities. This review explores the significance of precise electrode placement, proper patient preparation, and systematic waveform interpretation in ensuring accurate diagnosis. Furthermore, it discusses the role of advanced ECG techniques, such as Holter monitoring and stress testing, in specialized clinical settings. Challenges in ECG interpretation, including artifact recognition and variability in presentation, are also addressed.

This critical review underscores the importance of ECG as a non-invasive, cost-effective, and widely accessible diagnostic tool. It highlights the need for continuous advancements in technology and clinician expertise to enhance the accuracy and utility of ECG in contemporary medical practice.