IS MONKEYPOX THE NEXT PANDEMIC?

Abstract

Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Ortho poxvirus genus, the same group of viruses as smallpox. Initially identified in monkeys in 1958 and first reported in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, monkeypox has recently gained attention due to its resurgence and spread beyond Africa. The disease primarily affects rodents and can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated materials. Human-to-human transmission can occur via respiratory droplets or contact with bodily fluids and lesions. Symptoms of monkeypox are similar to those of smallpox but generally milder. They include fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. The rash typically progresses through stages, from macules to papules, vesicles, and pustules. While monkeypox is usually self-limiting, with symptoms resolving within 2 to 4 weeks, severe cases can occur, particularly among children, pregnant women, or immunocompromised individuals. Recent outbreaks outside endemic regions highlight the need for increased surveillance and research to better understand the virus's epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and potential for outbreaks. Effective prevention includes vaccination, prompt diagnosis, and isolation of infected individuals.