A VATARAKTA ROGA KA SAMHITA SIDDHANTAMAKA VIVECHANA- ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT SAMHITA’S

Abstract

Vatarakta, a chronic disorder characterized by joint and systemic pain, manifests through symptoms such as stiffness, joint swelling, and pain. This disease involves the vitiation of both Vata dosha and Rakta dhatu, where aggravated Vata becomes obstructed by vitiated Rakta, leading to further imbalance and aggravation of Vata dosha. Vatarakta is classified into two stages: Uttana and Gambhira. In the Uttana stage, the disease primarily affects the Twacha (skin) and Mamsa dhatu (muscle tissue), whereas in the more severe Gambhira stage, it extends deeper, impacting the Asthi (bones), Majja dhatu (bone marrow), and other associated deeper tissues. The Ayurvedic diagnostic approach, Nidana Panchaka, provides a comprehensive framework for identifying the disease's etiology, symptoms, and progression. This method consists of five key components: Nidana (causative factors), Purvarupa (prodromal signs), Rupa (main symptoms), Upashaya (relieving factors), and Samprapti (pathogenesis). Each component of Nidana Panchaka aids the physician in thoroughly understanding the disease’s progression, allowing for early intervention and more effective treatment. Thus, Nidana Panchaka serves as one of the primary diagnostic tools in Ayurveda for conditions like Vatarakta. Modern lifestyle factors contribute significantly to the aggravation of Vatarakta. Unhealthy dietary habits (Ahara) and improper lifestyle practices (Vihara)—including sedentary behavior, mental stress, high-protein diets, frequent non-vegetarian food intake, and excessive alcohol consumption—are known to trigger acute exacerbations of this condition. The etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation of Vatarakta closely resemble those of gouty arthritis, drawing parallels in both symptomatology and causative factors.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Vatarakta, Uttana, Gambhira, gouty arthritis, Nidana Panchaka, Raktadhatu, joint pain.