A CRITICAL REVIEW ON PHYSIOLOGY OF NIDRA AND SWAPNA – AN AYURVEDIC AND MODERN PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Abstract

Nidra (sleep) and Swapna (dream) are two essential physiological phenomena discussed in the context of health and disease in Ayurveda. Nidra is classified as one of the three pillars of life (Trayopastambha), along with Ahara (diet) and Brahmacharya (conduct), as described by Acharya Charaka. It plays a crucial role in maintaining equilibrium between the body, mind, and soul. A disturbance in sleep leads to various physiological and psychological disorders, including Vata aggravation and disorders such as Anidra (insomnia). In Ayurvedic physiology, Nidra is governed primarily by the Tamas guna, and the Kapha dosha plays a pivotal role in promoting sound sleep. Balanced Nidra supports proper digestion, mental clarity, physical strength, and emotional well-being. On the contrary, insufficient or excessive sleep causes Vata and Kapha imbalances, leading to conditions like lethargy, stress, and cognitive disturbances. Swapna, or dreams, are viewed as the activities of the mind during sleep and are deeply connected to the Doshas and Trigunas. Dreams vary based on the dominant dosha—Vata dreams are fast and unstable, Pitta dreams are intense and vivid, and Kapha dreams are calm and steady. According to Ayurveda, dreams provide insight into a person’s mental and physical state, with certain dreams offering prognostic value in disease prediction.

Keywords: Nidra, Swapna, Doshas, Trigunas, Sleep and dreams