A CASE STUDY ON HYPERTENSION (HTN) AND ITS MANAGEMENT BY MODIFIED LIFESTYLE CHANGES – AN AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, is a leading contributor to cardiovascular diseases globally. Despite being asymptomatic in its early stages, it is a significant risk factor for severe complications such as stroke, heart disease, kidney failure, and vascular damage. According to the World Health Organization, hypertension is responsible for 57% of all stroke-related deaths and 24% of coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths in India. In Ayurvedic medicine, hypertension is interpreted through key principles of Tridosha (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), Dhatus (tissues), and Srotas (body channels), recognizing the interplay between body, mind, and environment. Imbalances in these factors, often exacerbated by poor lifestyle choices, trigger the onset of hypertension. A 52-year-old male patient presented with poorly controlled hypertension, exhibiting symptoms of headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. He led a sedentary lifestyle with poor dietary habits, including high salt intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Clinical examination revealed blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg, consistent with stage 2 hypertension. The patient was advised to adopt comprehensive lifestyle modifications based on Ayurvedic principles and the DASH diet, with a focus on dietary adjustments, increased physical activity, stress management, and cessation of smoking and alcohol. Results: Following the implementation of lifestyle changes, the patient’s blood pressure decreased from 160/100 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg, and his BMI reduced from 28.5 kg/m² to 26.0 kg/m². His lipid profile also improved, with reductions in total cholesterol (220 mg/dL to 190 mg/dL) and LDL cholesterol (150 mg/dL to 120 mg/dL). The patient successfully quit smoking and reduced alcohol intake while incorporating regular physical exercise and stress management techniques such as yoga and meditation into his daily routine. Conclusion: This case highlights the significant role that lifestyle changes, in conjunction with Ayurvedic principles and modern medical practices, can play in the management of hypertension. The integration of the DASH diet, physical activity, stress reduction, and smoking cessation resulted in improved cardiovascular health and reduced risk for complications. Early intervention, patient education, and continuous monitoring remain crucial in preventing the irreversible damage caused by uncontrolled hypertension.

Keywords: Hypertension, Ayurvedic principles, lifestyle changes, DASH diet, blood pressure management, cardiovascular health,