A REVIEW OF SIDDHA TRADITIONAL SYSTEM PRODUCTS AND THEIR INGREDIENTS IN LIVER DISEASES
Abstract
Liver is the most important metabolic organ primarily concerned with the biochemical activities in the human body. Liver disease is the tenth most common cause of death in India as per the World Health Organization and may affect one in five Indians. Liver disorders can result from a wide variety of causes, including infections, drugs, toxins, ischemia, and autoimmune disorders. Siddha System of Medicine has been treating various types of disorders since centuries. Siddha system has several indigenous preparations which comprises of minerals, herbs and polyherbal to treat liver injury. Various Siddha formulations and plant drugs prescribed for liver diseases are claimed to have hepato protective activity that need documentation and scientific evidence. This review article provides laborate information on the ingredients – minerals, metals and medicinal plants - and formulations documented in the classical Siddha literature for the treatment of variety of liver disorders. An attempt has been made to provide details on validation of certain Siddha formulations and information about phytoconstituents and pharmacological actions of herbal ingredients. This review article will help the clinicians, professionals, and researchers working the field of traditional system of medicine having interest in liver disorders.
Keywords- Liver, Siddha system of medicine, Kalleeral Noi, Hepatoprotective.
References
Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Evidence-based health policy – lessons from the Burden of Disease Study. Science 1996; 274: p 740-743.
Everhart JE, Ruhl CE. Burden of digestive diseases in the United States Part III: Liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Gastroenterology 2009; 136: 1134 –1144.
A Roadmap For Hepatology Research In Europe: An Overview For Policy Makers, https://easl.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Hepamap.pdf, assessed on 4th June 2020
Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Evidence-based health policy – lessons from the Burden of Disease Study. Science 1996; 274:p 740-743.
https://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/india-liver-disease, Accessed on 1st April, 2020.
www.nhp.gov.in/kalleeral-noi-liver-disease_mtl, accessed on 15th April 2020
Shukla SS, Saraf S, Fundamental aspectand basic concept of siddha medicines. Systemic Review in Pharmacy, 2011;2:p 48-54.
Parthiban.P, Ramalingam.S, Saranya.K, Thangaraj.K, Kanakavalli.K and Thillaivanan.S, A Review On Hepatoprotective Herbs In Siddha System Of Medicine, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Archive, Sept. - 2014: 3 (9), p505-509
Ponniahsamy G , Shree Devi M S, Vasudevan R and Muralidass S D, Hepatoprotective medicinal plants of Siddha – A review, World J Pharm Sci 2015; 3(9): p1921-1924
Arunmozhi P, Pitchiahkumar M, Kumar A, Gnanavel IS, Velpandian V, Hepatoprotective Activity of CharaParpam in Ccl4 Induced Rats, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), Volume 5, Issue 6 (Mar. – Apr. 2013), PP 52-58
Shanmugapriya P, Sivaraman D, Christian GJ, Rajalakshmi K , Jeeva Gladys R,Hepatoprotective Potential of Novel Siddha Formulation SanthaSanthrodhayaMathirai against Paracetamol and Methotrexate Induced Hepatotoxicity in Chang liver Cell line Model , J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 11(6), 2019, p2379-2384
D. Prakash, G. Anitha , J. Nisha , N. J. Muthu kumar and V. Banumathi, A Role Of Siddha Medicines in The Management Of Hepatic Disease - A Systematic Review, European Journal of Biomedical AND Pharmaceutical sciences, 2018, Volume 5, Issue 3,p 265-267.
http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Siddha
Essential Drug List (EDL)- Siddha Medicine, Published by Department of AYUSH, Drug control cell, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt.of India, March 2013.
KN Kuppusamy, Mudaliar. Siddha Maruthuvam,, Tamilnadu Siddha medical council publication, 1987
Senthilvel G, Amuthan A, Jasphin S. Pediatric Liver Diseases and its Management by Herbals: A Traditional Siddha Medicine Treatise. Int J Pharmacol and Clin Sci. 2016;5(1):32-40.
Vaidya Rathinam. K.S.Murugesa Mudaliar, Siddha Materia Medica, Medicinal plants division, Published by Directorate of Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Chennai 600106, 1998
V. Ramamurthy and R. Gowri, Hepatoprotective Study on Aegle marmelos Leaves Extract against Staphylococcus aureus Intoxicated Albino Rats American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, Vol 3, Issue 2, 120-128, 2015
Krishna Mohan Chinnala et al, Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Allium sativum ethanolic extract in thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats American Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Vol 3, Issue 2, p 48-53, 2018
Cui, Yan & Ye, Qing & Wang, Heya& Li, Yingchao& Yao, Weirong& Qian, He. (2014). Hepatoprotective Potential of Aloe vera Polysaccharides against Chronic Alcohol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice, Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 94, p10
R.Nagalakshmi et al, Hepatoprotective activity of Andrographis Paniculata and Swertia Chirayita Food and Chemical Toxicology Volume 49, Issue 12, December 2011, Pages 3367-3373
Chattopadhyay R R, Bandyopadhyay M. Possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in rats: Part III. Indian J Pharmacol 2005;37:p 184-5
Chandan BK, Sharma AK, An and KK. Boerhaavia diffusa: a study of its hepatoprotective activity, J Ethnopharmacol. 1991 Mar;31(3):p299-307
Aamir et al, Hepatoprotective investigations of Cuminum cyminum dried seeds in nimesulide intoxicated albino rats by phytochemical and biochemical methods, 2014, Int J Pharm PharmSci, Vol 6, Issue 4, 506-510
Salama, S.M., Abdulla, M.A., Al Rashdi, A.S. et al. Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa on thioacetamide induced liver cirrhosis in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 13, 56 (2013).
Beedimani RS, Shetkar S. Hepatoprotective activity of Eclipta alba against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Int J Basic ClinPharmacol 2015;4:404-9
Thilakch and KR, Mathai RT, Simon P, Ravi RT, Baliga- Rao MP, Baliga MS, Hepatoprotective properties of the Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn): a review. Food Funct. 2013 Oct;4(10):1431-41
Mujahid et al. / Evaluation of hepatoprotective potential of Erythrina indica leaves against antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats, Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 8 (2017) ,p7-12
Huo, H. Z., Wang, B., Liang, Y. K., Bao, Y. Y., &Gu, Y. (2011). Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of licorice extract against CCl₄-induced oxidative damage in rats. International journal of molecular sciences, 12(10), 6529–6543.
J R Baheti et al, Hepatoprotective activity of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. in rats, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 44, May 2006, pp 399-404
F. Annie Felicia and M. Muthulingam, Anti hepatotoxic Efficacy of Methanolic Extract of Indigofera tinctoria (Linn.)on Paracetamol â Induced Liver Damage in Rats J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 2012, 2 (2):244-250
Pramyothin P, Ngamtin C, Poungshompoo S, Chaichantipyuth C, Hepatoprotective activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et. Thonn. extract in ethanol treated rats: in vitro and in vivo studies, J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Nov 1;114(2):169-73.
Sinha S, Bhat J, Joshi M, Sinkar V, Ghaskadbi S. Hepatoprotective activity of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle Ex. Benth extract against alcohol cytotoxicity in mouse liver slice culture. Int J Green Pharm 2011;5:244-53
Prema Gurumurthy Et Al, T Hepato Protective Effect Of Aqueous Extract Of Piper Longum And Piperine When Administered With Antitubercular Drugs, The Bioscan, 7(4): 661-663, 2012
Abdel-Rahim, E.A., Abdel-Mobdy, Y.E., Ali, R.F. et al. Hepatoprotective Effects of Solanum nigrum Linn Fruits Against Cadmium Chloride Toxicity in Albino Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 160, 400–408 (2014).
Min-Kyung Choi, Hyeong-Geug Kim Jong-Min Han, Jin-Seok Lee, Jong Suk Lee, Sun Ho Chung, and Chang-Gue Son, Hepatoprotective Effect of Terminalia chebula against t-BHP-Induced Acute Liver Injury in C57/BL6 Mice, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine / 2015
Singh B, Sharma ML, Gupta DK, Atal CK, Arya RK. Protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia Miers on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. Indian J Pharmacol 1984; 16:139-42.
Nagarkatti DS, Rege NN, Desai NK, Dahanukar SA. Modulation of Kupffer cell activity by Tinospora cordifolia in liver damage. J Postgrad Med 1994; 40:65-67.
B. T. Kavitha, S. D. Shruthi, , S. Padmalatha Rai and Y. L. Ramachandra, Phytochemical analysis and hepatoprotective properties of Tinospora cordifolia against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats, Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, Volume 2, Issue 3, Aug 2011
Atta AH, Elkoly TA, Mouneir SM, Kamel G, Alwabel NA, Zaher S, Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanol Extracts of Zingiber officinale and Cichorium intybus, Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010 Sep;72(5):564-70. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.78521.
Dr. Shyamala Rajkumar , G. S. Lekha, Basic Principles in Siddha Pharmaceutical Science- An Overview IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS). Volume 11, Issue 6 Ver. V (Nov. - Dec.2016), PP 43-48
B. Rama Devi et al. Herbomineral formulation’s safety and efficacy employed in siddha system of medicine: A review. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2019;10(1):16-24
Shanmugapriya P , Sivaraman D , Christian GJ , Rajalakshmi K , Jeeva Gladys R, Hepatoprotective Potential of Novel Siddha Formulation Santha Santhrodhaya Mathirai against Paracetamol and Methotrexate Induced Hepatotoxicity in Chang liver Cell line Model /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 11(6), 2019, 2379-2384
Sen, S., Chakraborty, R., Thangavel, G., &Logaiyan, S. (2015). Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Karisalai Karpam, a polyherbal Siddha formulation against acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage in rats. Ancient science of life, 34(4), 198–202.
Arunmozhi.P.et al, Hepatoprotective Activity of Chara Parpam in Ccl4 Induced Rats, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008. Volume 5, Issue 6 (Mar. – Apr. 2013), PP 52-58
Diwakar Manickam, Sri Kamatchi Priya Ramamoorthy, B. Santhosh Kumar, Samu Subramaniam, Shyama Subramaniam. Biochemical and histopathological changes of traditional Siddha formulation on CCL4 induced liver fibrosis in rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 9, Issue 7, 2017
Dayanand Reddy G, Bernard Mefi M, Bharathy H, Narasimha Kumar GV, Chitikela P Pullaiah, Ganesan R, Sathiya Rajeswaran P. Hepatoprotective Activity of Aruvadha churnam a Traditional Siddha Formulation against Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage in Rats. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2018; 11(8): 3380-3384.
Sumithra, S (2017) Preclinical evaluation of Siddha Polyherbal formulation PithaKamalai Choornam for its Hepatoprotective activity in wistar albino rats. Master’s thesis, Government Siddha Medical College, Chennai. Thesis (Masters)
Dayanand Reddy et al. Hepatoprotective Activity of Aruvadha churnam a Traditional Siddha Formulation against Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage in Rats. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology,2018. 11, 3380-3384.
Sundari S, Thiruthani M, Essakky Pandian G. (2018). Hepato protective activity of Vedi Annabethi Chenduram against Paracetamol induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Int. J. Curr. Res. Chem. Pharm. Sci. 5(3): p12-15
J. Nisha , N. Anbu , N. J. Muthu Kumar , V. Banumathi, Evaluation Of Hepatoprotective Potential Of Siddha Formulation Pungampoo Chooranam Against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity In Zebrafish Model, World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences2018; Volume 7, Issue 7;P 625-633
