PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDISATION OF KRISHNADI CHURNA PREPARED WITH PIPPALI COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21943675Keywords:
Krishnadi Churna; Pippali; Piper longum; piperine; geographical variation; Churna Kalpana; pharmaceutical standardisation.Abstract
Background: Krishnadi Churna is a classical polyherbal powder containing Pippali, Ativisha, Musta and Karkatashringi. As plant-derived raw materials may vary with geographical origin, a source-wise pharmaceutico-analytical assessment is required to support batch consistency and rational quality standards Aim To prepare Krishnadi Churna using Pippali collected from different geographical zones in the Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, RAC Varanasi Objectives To compile the literature regarding Krishna (Pippali), Atis (Ativisha), Mustak (Motha) and Shringikadama (Karkatshringi). To analyse variation in activity, concentration of phytochemicals, consistency, stability and shelf life of the ingredients with reference to particle size. Materials and Methods: Four coded formulations were prepared in three independent batches by maintaining the same ingredients and method while changing the geographical source of Pippali. Organoleptic characters, pH, water-soluble extractive, alcohol-soluble extractive, acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying, piperine by UV spectrophotometry and microbiological parameters were evaluated. Final yields were descriptively analysed as mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Results: All samples were brown, strongly pungent powders with characteristic taste. The final powder weights were In Batch 1, final powder weights were 95 g for Karnataka, 93g for Assam, 93g for Uttar Pradesh and 96g for Gujarat. In Batch 2, the respective values were 95 g, 96 g, 90g and 94g. In Batch 3, they were 94g, 90 g, 95 g and 93 g. pH ranged from 5.87 to 6.83; water-soluble extractive from 16.94% to 24.14%; alcohol-soluble extractive from 14.05% to 23.00%; acid-insoluble ash from 0.84% to 6.22%; and loss on drying from 9.01% to 11.22%. Piperine was highest in the Assam sample (0.89%) and lowest in the Uttar Pradesh sample (0.18%). Specified pathogens were absent in all samples. Conclusion: Geographical source of Pippali produced measurable variation in pharmaceutical behaviour and chemical-marker content of Krishnadi Churna. Assam yielded the highest piperine value, Uttar Pradesh the highest water-soluble extractive, Karnataka the highest alcohol-soluble extractive and lowest moisture, and Gujarat the lowest acid-insoluble ash. These results support multi-parameter, source-sensitive standardisation rather than selection based on a single marker alone.
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