A COMPARATIVE PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF KRISHNADI CHURNA PREPARED WITH PIPPALI COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF INDIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21943638Keywords:
Krishnadi Churna; Pippali; geographical variation; piperine; pharmaceutical standardization; physicochemical analysisAbstract
Background: Krishnadi Churna is a classical polyherbal formulation containing Pippali, Ativisha, Musta and Karkatashringi. It is traditionally indicated in childhood conditions such as Jwara, Atisara, Vamana, Shwasa and Kasa. The geographical origin of medicinal plants may influence their pharmaceutical behaviour and phytochemical composition; therefore, comparative standardization is necessary. AIM To conduct a comparative pharmaceutico-analytical evaluation of Krishnadi Churna prepared with Pippali collected from different geographical regions of India. OBJECTIVES To prepare Krishnadi Churna containing Pippali obtained from Karnataka, Assam, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat. To document the pharmaceutical observations and final yield of three preparation batches. To evaluate the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of the four samples. To estimate and compare piperine content by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. To evaluate the microbiological quality of the prepared samples. To assess the possible influence of geographical source on the quality characteristics of the finished formulation. Materials and Methods: Four samples were coded as P-1, P-2, P-3 and P-4. Three pharmaceutical batches were prepared by cleaning, drying, separate powdering, sieving and homogeneous mixing of the ingredients. Analytical evaluation included organoleptic properties, pH, water-soluble extractive, alcohol-soluble extractive, acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying, piperine by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and microbiological examination. Pharmaceutical yield was summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: Final yield varied from 38 g to 58 g from a recorded initial quantity of 100 g. Batch 1 was most uniform. The pH ranged from 5.87 to 6.83. Uttar Pradesh showed the highest water-soluble extractive value (24.14%), Karnataka the highest alcohol-soluble extractive value (23.00%), Gujarat the lowest acid-insoluble ash (0.84%), and Karnataka the lowest loss on drying (9.01%). Piperine was highest in Assam (0.89%). Specified pathogens were absent, but the reported total microbial plate counts were above the limit stated in the presentation. Conclusion: Geographical source was associated with variation in pharmaceutical yield and analytical characteristics. No single sample was superior in every parameter. Assam was richest in the measured piperine marker, while other regions performed better for yield, extractive value, ash or loss on drying. Verification of the original microbiological reports and analytical-method details is required before journal submission.
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