NETWORK PHARMACOLOGY OF PRAMEHNIL TABLET IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KAPHAJ PRAMEHA (TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS): A COMPREHENSIVE DRUG REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21762829Keywords:
Pramehnil Tablet, Kaphaj Prameha, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Network Pharmacology, Guduchi Bhavana, Insulin Resistance.Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and chronic inflammation. In Ayurveda, its clinical features closely resemble Kaphaj Prameha. Since conventional antidiabetic drugs often target a single pathway and may produce adverse effects or reduced long-term efficacy, there is increasing interest in evidence-based polyherbal formulations with multitarget therapeutic potential. Pramehnil Tablet is a polyherbal formulation containing eight medicinal plants processed with Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) decoction through the classical Bhavana technique. Objective: To critically review the Ayurvedic properties, phytochemical constituents, and molecular pharmacological mechanisms of Pramehnil Tablet and establish a scientific basis for its clinical evaluation in Kaphaj Prameha (T2DM). Methods: Relevant evidence was collected from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and classical Ayurvedic texts. Experimental and clinical studies evaluating the pharmacological activities of the constituent herbs were reviewed and correlated with modern molecular pathways and Ayurvedic principles. Results: The formulation integrates the classical Nisha-Amalaki concept with herbs possessing complementary antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering activities. Key phytoconstituents, including berberine, gymnemic acids, curcuminoids, and embelin, modulate multiple therapeutic targets by improving insulin sensitivity, activating AMPK signaling, reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis, preserving pancreatic β-cell function, inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption, and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. The Guduchi Bhavana process may further enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the formulation. Conclusion: Available evidence suggests that Pramehnil Tablet acts through multiple interconnected mechanisms consistent with both Ayurvedic principles and modern network pharmacology. Its multitarget therapeutic profile provides a strong scientific rationale for further validation through randomized controlled clinical trials in patients with Kaphaj Prameha (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus).
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