A CRITICAL REVIEW OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TAMAKA SHWASA

Abstract

Background Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, cough, chest tightness and breathlessness associated with variable expiratory airflow limitation. In Ayurveda, its clinical presentation closely resembles Tamaka Shwasa, a major type of Shwasa Roga. The disease develops mainly due to obstruction of Pranavaha Srotas by aggravated Kapha, resulting in the reverse movement of Vata. A combined understanding of the classical and contemporary concepts may improve disease assessment, prevention and long-term management. Aim and Objectives To critically review bronchial asthma with special reference to Tamaka Shwasa and compare their etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management principles. Materials and Methods Classical descriptions of Tamaka Shwasa were collected from the Brihatrayi, Laghutrayi and relevant commentaries. Contemporary information was obtained from standard medical textbooks, published research articles, World Health Organization resources and international asthma-management guidelines. The collected information was critically analyzed and presented through narrative comparison. Results & Discussion The Ayurvedic concept explains the disease through disturbed Agni, formation of Ama, aggravation of Kapha and obstruction of Pranavaha Srotas. Contemporary medicine describes chronic airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and variable airflow limitation. These explanations are complementary at the conceptual level but should not be considered identical. Conclusion Bronchial asthma has a close clinical resemblance to Tamaka Shwasa. A systematic understanding of both concepts can support comprehensive assessment, preventive counselling and individualized supportive care, while evidence-based asthma treatment remains essential.