DRUG REVIEW OF GOKSHURADI KWATHA: PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND CLINICAL ASPECTS

Abstract

Gokshuradi Kwatha is a classical polyherbal decoction described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali under Vatavyadhi Adhikara and is traditionally indicated in disorders associated with aggravated Vata Dosha, particularly musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, and inflammatory conditions. The formulation contains five important medicinal drugs: Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris), Eranda (Ricinus communis), Vacha (Acorus calamus), Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata), and Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa), each used in equal proportion. These ingredients possess well-documented Vatahara, Shothahara, Vedanasthapana, Mutrala, and Rasayana properties. Pharmacognostically, each component exhibits distinct macroscopic and microscopic features that facilitate proper identification and authentication of the raw materials. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of steroidal saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, nephroprotective, and immunomodulatory actions. Standardization parameters such as organoleptic characters, ash values, extractive values, and chromatographic profiles are essential for ensuring quality, purity, and consistency of the formulation. Clinically, Gokshuradi Kwatha has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in conditions such as Gridhrasi, Sandhivata, Katigraha, Mutravikara, and other chronic inflammatory disorders by reducing pain, swelling, stiffness, and improving functional capacity. The synergistic interaction of its ingredients provides a holistic approach that addresses both symptomatic relief and correction of underlying Dosha imbalance. This review highlights the classical basis, pharmacognostical characteristics, phytochemical composition, and therapeutic potential of Gokshuradi Kwatha, emphasizing its significance as a scientifically relevant and clinically useful Ayurvedic formulation.