A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF AGNI AND ITS ROLE IN DIGESTION AND METABOLISM

Abstract

Background In Ayurveda, Agni is considered the fundamental force responsible for digestion, metabolism, transformation, and nourishment of the body. All physiological processes, including growth, strength, immunity, and longevity, depend upon the proper functioning of Agni. Disturbance of Agni is described as the root cause of most diseases. Hence, understanding the concept of Agni is essential for understanding both health and disease. Aim- To study and review the concept of Agni and its role in digestion and metabolism. Objectives To understand the basic concept and types of Agni. To explain the role of Jatharagni in digestion. To describe the role of Dhatvagni in tissue metabolism. To study the formation of Ama due to impaired Agni. To correlate the concept of Agni with modern digestion and metabolism. Materials and Methods This conceptual review is based on a detailed study of classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, along with relevant modern literature related to digestive and metabolic processes. The collected information was analyzed and interpreted in a systematic manner. Results and Discussion Agni is classified into Jatharagni, Bhutagni, and Dhatvagni, each playing a specific role in digestion and tissue metabolism. Proper functioning of Jatharagni ensures digestion of food, Bhutagni governs elemental transformation, and Dhatvagni is responsible for tissue metabolism and nourishment. Impairment of Agni leads to formation of Ama, which is considered the primary pathological factor in disease development. The concept of Agni shows close similarity with modern concepts of digestive enzymes, metabolic pathways, and cellular metabolism. Conclusion Agni is the central regulating force of digestion and metabolism in Ayurveda. Balanced Agni maintains health, while disturbed Agni initiates disease. Understanding the concept of Agni helps in proper disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This review highlights the timeless relevance of Agni in maintaining metabolic harmony.