DETAILED REVIEW OF VISHA DRAVYAS
Abstract
In essence, Visha refers to substances that, upon entry into the body, disrupt the healthy bodily elements or even cause harm to a person. It can also be seen as anything that brings about sorrow to the world. The term "Visha" is derived from its ability to induce a sense of despondency, even affecting divine beings. Visha is categorized based on factors like origin, composition, properties, and potency. In various Ayurvedic classics and medieval texts, poisons are divided into Mahavisha and Upavisha, considering their level of toxicity and strength. According to their origin, Visha is classified into Jangamavisha (animal-based poisons) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral-based poisons). References to Visha can be found in Ayurvedic works like Charak Samhita, Sushrut Samhita, and Rasatrangini. Upavishas, or semi-poisonous substances, are drugs that exhibit a lower level of toxicity but may induce certain toxic symptoms upon consumption. These symptoms are generally less severe and not typically life-threatening, and their harmful effects can be managed through therapeutic interventions.
Key-words: Visha, Sthavaravisha, Jangamavisha, Visha-Upavisha, Rasa-shastra
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