AN AYURVEDIC REVIEW OF ANAL CANAL IN TERMS OF SURGICAL ANATOMY
Abstract
Ayurveda is a vast repository of knowledge, akin to an ocean. To gain valuable insights from it, we must equip ourselves with a "diving suit of curiosity" and delve deep into its depths. In this exploration, we focus on the intriguing aspect of the human body known as Guda, which corresponds to the ano-rectum in modern anatomy. The Guda is identified as the terminal part of the large intestine and the Moola of Pureeshavastrotas in Ayurvedic texts. Functionally, it serves as the passage through which excretion of feces takes place. Within the pelvic region, there are two parts of Guda: Uttara Guda and Adhara Guda. It is categorized as one of the Bahirmukhstrotas and considered as one of the Karmendriyan (organs of action). Charak also recognizes Guda as one of the Koshtangas. Guda is a continuation of the large intestines and is embryologically derived from Matrujabhava. It measures a total length of 4½ angula. Interestingly, Guda contains three sphincters - Pravahini, Visarjini, and Samvarni - positioned one above the other at a distance of 1½ angula from each other. To better understand the anatomy, the functions of Uttara Guda (distal rectum) and Adhara Guda (anal canal) are compared with specific parts of the ano-rectum. This comparison aids in simplifying the comprehension of these anatomical regions in relation to Guda in Ayurveda.
Key-words: Guda Pradesh, Shalyatantreeya Sharir, Uttara Guda, Adhara Guda, Ano-rectum.
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