DETECTION OF ADULTERANTS IN POLYHERBAL NUTRACEUTICAL “CHYAWANPRASH” BY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS & QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS BY UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative phytochemistry of polyherbal nutraceutical “Chyawanprash” is investigated for the first time in detail. Since, Chyawanprash is a part of dietary supplement of most Indians including children, young men, women and old aged group, but the dietary benefits and the possible adulterants have never been explored in details till date. Due to the growing demand and consumerism, lot of malpractices occur in such products that are made of multiple ingredients, having complex composition, difficult to detect not only by common men but by specialized laboratories also. The paper investigates the complete phytochemical profile of Chyawanprash of six different brands purchased from different stores of Gandhinagar, Gujarat, by different phytochemical tests along with the possible adulterants present. The quantitative estimation of Phenol by gallic acid calibration curve at 765 nm and Protein content by Bovine serum albumin (BSA) calibration curve at 660 nm by UV-Spectrophotometric analysis reveals the nutritional value of different brands of Chyawanprash. From the phytochemical analysis data, it can be deduced that alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, diterpenes, emodins, flavonoids, proteins, phenols, tannins and caffeine were present in all the samples. Spectrophotometric data showed that the presence of phenol was minimum in sample 3 (257.6460 ppm) and maximum in sample 6 (402.7480 ppm) whereas the presence of protein was minimum in sample 1 (0.0440 µg/µL) and maximum in sample 6 (0.3170 µg/µL). Since the different brands had different protein content and it wasn’t mentioned in the composition table, therefore there should be guidelines for various polyherbal nutraceuticals regarding their constituents. Caffeine was found to be present in all the samples which were not mentioned in the composition. Therefore it can be inferred that it was an adulterant. The paper represents a preliminary work and detailed analysis by various instrumental techniques is further required to confirm the adulterants in different forms.
Keywords: Chyawanprash, Nutraceutical, Phenol, Phytochemical, Polyherbal, Protein.
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