RECONCEPTUALIZING THE TRIDOSHA THEORY IN SOWA-RIGPA MEDICINE: ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Abstract

Sowa-Rigpa, the traditional medical system of the Himalayan region, offers a comprehensive and integrative understanding of health based on the dynamic balance of Tridosha (nyepa sum): rLung (wind), mKhris-pa (bile), and Bad-kan (phlegm). These humours originate from the interaction of the five cosmo-physical elements (Panchamahabhuta)—earth, water, fire, air, and space—and regulate physiological, psychological, and pathological processes. This article provides a systematic examination of the etiology, symptomatology, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic interventions associated with humoral imbalance. Drawing upon classical texts such as the rGyud-bZhi and comparative insights from Ayurveda, the study highlights the role of diet, behaviour, and environmental adaptation in disease prevention and treatment. The paper further discusses the relevance of Sowa-Rigpa in addressing modern lifestyle disorders and explores its potential integration into contemporary healthcare systems.