A REVIEW ON STHAULYA (OBESITY) FROM AN AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Background: Sthaulya is described in Ayurveda as a condition of excessive accumulation of Meda Dhatu, leading to abnormal increase in body mass and heaviness. It is included under Ashta Nindita Purusha and considered a Santarpanajanya Vyadhi. In the present era, obesity has become a global health concern associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Ayurveda provides a holistic understanding of this condition by emphasizing the role of Dosha, Agni, Dhatu, and Srotas in its pathogenesis. Aim: To review and analyze Sthaulya (obesity) from an Ayurvedic perspective. Objectives: To understand the etiopathogenesis (Nidana and Samprapti) of Sthaulya. To analyze the role of Dosha, Agni, and Meda Dhatu in the development of obesity. To explore Ayurvedic principles in the management of Sthaulya. Materials and Methods: This is a conceptual review study based on classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, along with relevant modern literature. Data were collected, analyzed, and interpreted to understand the Ayurvedic concept of obesity and its management. Results: Sthaulya is primarily a Kapha dominant disorder involving Meda Dhatu Vriddhi and Agnimandya. Excessive intake of Guru, Snigdha, and Madhura Ahara, along with lack of physical activity, leads to vitiation of Kapha Dosha and accumulation of fat tissue. Impaired Agni results in improper metabolism and formation of Ama, further aggravating the condition. Ayurvedic management focuses on Langhana, Lekhana, Deepana, and Pachana therapies, along with dietary and lifestyle modifications. Conclusion: Ayurveda offers a comprehensive and individualized approach for the prevention and management of Sthaulya. By correcting Agni, balancing Dosha, and reducing Meda Dhatu, it provides a sustainable solution for obesity and its associated complications.