ROLE OF AGNI AND AHARAJA HETU IN THE MANIFESTATION OF PANDU ROGA

Abstract

Background Pandu Roga is described in Ayurveda as a disorder characterized mainly by pallor, weakness, and reduced vitality. It is considered a Rasa and Rakta Dhatu Pradoshaja Vikara where impaired tissue nourishment plays a key role. Among the fundamental factors responsible for its manifestation, Agni and Aharaja Hetu hold prime importance. When Jatharagni becomes weak, improper digestion leads to the formation of Ama, resulting in defective formation of subsequent Dhatu, particularly Rakta Dhatu. Repeated intake of unwholesome diet further aggravates Dosha, ultimately manifesting as Pandu Roga. Aim To study the role of Agni and Aharaja Hetu in the manifestation of Pandu Roga. Objectives To review classical references of Pandu Roga. To analyze the importance of Agni in Dhatu Poshana. To evaluate various Aharaja Hetu mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. To understand the pathogenesis of Pandu Roga in relation to impaired digestion. Materials and Methods This conceptual review was carried out through detailed analysis of classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, along with relevant commentaries. Modern medical literature on anemia was also reviewed to establish correlation. Data were compiled, analyzed, and interpreted in light of Ayurvedic principles. Results The review revealed that diminished Agni leads to improper digestion and formation of Ama, which obstructs Srotasa and disturbs normal Rakta Dhatu Utpatti. Continuous exposure to Aharaja Hetu such as excessive intake of sour, salty, heavy, incompatible, and improperly processed food further aggravates Pitta Dosha and vitiates Rakta. This chain of events results in the classical clinical features of Pandu Roga including pallor, fatigue, and reduced strength. Conclusion The manifestation of Pandu Roga is closely linked with impairment of Agni and persistent indulgence in faulty dietary habits. Correction of Agni and regulation of diet play a fundamental role in both prevention and management. Understanding this relationship provides a strong foundation for addressing Pandu Roga through dietary regulation and digestive correction.