A LITERARY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL DRUG REVIEW OF MARICHADI MODAKA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARSHA

Abstract

Background: Arsha is described in classical Ayurveda as a distressing anorectal disorder characterized by Gudagata Mamsa Vriddhi, bleeding, pain, itching, and difficulty in defecation. It is primarily considered a Tridoshaja Vyadhi with predominance of Vata and Pitta Dosha, associated with Agnimandya and chronic constipation. In contemporary medicine, it closely resembles internal and external hemorrhoids. Classical texts emphasize the use of herbo-mineral and polyherbal formulations for its management. Marichadi Modaka is one such classical formulation described for Arsha, known for its Deepana, Pachana, Vatanulomana, and Arshoghna properties. Aim: To critically analyze the literary references and pharmacological profile of Marichadi Modaka in the management of Arsha. Objectives: To review classical textual references of Marichadi Modaka. To analyze its ingredients in terms of Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, and Prabhava. To evaluate its pharmacological actions from modern scientific perspective. To understand its probable mode of action in Arsha. Materials and Methods: This literary drug review was conducted through detailed study of classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Bhaishajya Ratnavali, and other Nighantus, along with contemporary pharmacological research articles and databases. The ingredients of Marichadi Modaka were analyzed on both classical and modern parameters to understand their therapeutic relevance in hemorrhoids. Results: The formulation mainly contains Maricha and other synergistic herbs possessing Katu Rasa, Ushna Virya, and Laghu–Tikshna Guna. These attributes help in correcting Agnimandya, reducing Kapha accumulation, relieving constipation, and improving anorectal circulation. Modern pharmacological studies indicate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, carminative, digestive stimulant, and mild laxative properties of the ingredients, which collectively contribute to reduction of swelling, bleeding, pain, and recurrence of hemorrhoids. Conclusion: Marichadi Modaka acts at the level of Agni, Dosha, and anorectal tissue metabolism. By improving digestion, correcting bowel habits, and reducing inflammation, it offers a rational Ayurvedic approach in the management of Arsha. The formulation shows strong classical backing and promising pharmacological potential, warranting further clinical validation.