AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF ANIDRA (INSOMNIA): A SHORT REVIEW OF SHIRODHARA AND NASYA

Abstract

Sleep (Nidra) is one of the three fundamental pillars of life (Trayopastambha) described in Ayurveda and is essential for maintaining physical, mental, and emotional health. Disturbance of sleep results in Anidra (insomnia), a condition commonly associated with aggravated Vata and Pitta doshas. In the modern era, increasing stress, irregular lifestyles, excessive screen exposure, and psychological strain have significantly increased the prevalence of insomnia, making it a major public health concern. Conventional management mainly relies on sedatives and hypnotics, which often lead to dependency and adverse effects, emphasizing the need for safe and holistic therapeutic alternatives. Ayurveda offers effective management of Anidra through Panchakarma therapies that aim to restore doshic balance and stabilize mental functions. Among these, Shirodhara and Nasya play a pivotal role due to their direct action on the central nervous system. Shirodhara induces deep relaxation and reduces stress by modulating neuroendocrine functions, while Nasya regulates Prana Vayu and nourishes brain tissues through nasal drug administration. Modern scientific studies support their role in regulating neurotransmitters such as serotonin and melatonin, reducing cortisol levels, and improving autonomic balance. This short review highlights the Ayurvedic concept of Anidra and evaluates the role of Shirodhara and Nasya as effective, non-invasive, and holistic approaches for the management of insomnia.