ADAPTOGENIC ROLE OF CLASSICAL RASAYANA DRUGS IN COMBATING STRESS AND ANXIETY: AN INTEGRATIVE AYURVEDIC–MODERN REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Chronic stress is a central contributor to anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment, immune dysregulation, and metabolic disorders. Adaptogens are natural substances that enhance non-specific resistance to stress and support physiological homeostasis. In Ayurveda, Rasayana therapy is a comprehensive rejuvenative approach aimed at promoting longevity, immunity, cognition, and psycho-physical balance. Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggests that classical Rasayana drugs fulfill modern adaptogenic criteria.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the adaptogenic potential of classical Rasayana drugs in combating stress and stress-related mental health disorders through integrative analysis of Ayurvedic literature and contemporary biomedical evidence.

Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita) were reviewed for Rasayana concepts and indications. Scientific databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, AYUSH portals) were searched for experimental and clinical studies reporting adaptogenic, anti-stress, neuroprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, mitochondrial, and endocrine-modulating effects of Rasayana herbs.

Results: Rasayana drugs including Ashwagandha, Guduchi, Amalaki, Haritaki, Shatavari, Brahmi, Mandukaparni, Jatamansi, Shankhpushpi, and Yashtimadhu demonstrate multi-system actions: modulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, normalization of cortisol rhythms, antioxidant defense, mitochondrial protection and ATP support, neurotransmitter regulation (GABA, serotonin, dopamine), and immunomodulation. These actions align with Ayurvedic mechanisms of Agni Deepana, Dhatu Poshana, Srotoshodhana, and Ojas Vardhana.

Conclusion: Classical Rasayana drugs exhibit significant adaptogenic potential for stress-related mental health disorders. Standardization of formulations and large-scale randomized trials are needed for clinical translation.