AYURVEDIC CONCEPT OF PARIKARTIKA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH ANAL FISSURE – A REVIEW

Abstract

Background:- Parikartika is a commonly encountered anorectal disorder described in Ayurvedic classics, characterized by cutting and burning pain in the Guda region. It is frequently observed as a complication of improper Virechana, Basti karma, or due to Nidan as such as Atiruksha Ahara, Vegavidharana and Mandagni. Clinically, Parikartika shows close resemblance to anal fissure described in modern medicine, which is a painful longitudinal tear in the anoderm. Aim and Objectives:- The present review aims to explore the Ayurvedic concept of Parikartika and to establish its correlation with anal fissure on the basis of etiology, clinical features, pathogenesis and principles of management. Materials and Methods:- Relevant references regarding Parikartika were collected from classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya and their commentaries. Modern medical literature related to anal fissure was also reviewed from standard textbooks and published research articles. A conceptual and comparative analysis was carried out. Discussion:- Parikartika is primarily caused by vitiation of Vata and Pitta Dosha, leading to Guda Shoola, Daha, Srava and Malavarodha. The Samprapti of Parikartika closely correlates with the pathophysiology of anal fissure involving sphincter spasm, ischemia and mucosal tear. Ayurvedic management including Nidana Parivarjana, Shamana therapy, local applications (Lepa, Taila), Basti and dietary modifications offers a holistic and conservative approach. Conclusion: - Parikartika described in Ayurveda can be effectively correlated with anal fissure of modern medicine. Ayurvedic principles provide comprehensive preventive and therapeutic strategies, which may help in better management and prevention of recurrence. Further clinical studies are needed to validate Ayurvedic interventions scientifically.