EXPLORING HYPOTHYROIDISM (QILLAT-E-DARQIYYAT): A COMPARATIVE FRAMEWORK BETWEEN UNANI AND CONVENTIONAL MEDICAL SYSTEM

Abstract

Hypothyroidism (Qillat-e-Darqiyyat) is a common endocrine disorder resulting from inadequate secretion or action of thyroid hormones, leading to metabolic and functional impairment across multiple organ systems. It affects approximately 42 million people in India, with a higher prevalence among females. Conventional medicine identifies primary thyroid gland dysfunction, autoimmune pathology, iodine deficiency, and iatrogenic causes as major etiological factors, with levothyroxine being the standard treatment. However, long-term hormone replacement therapy may lead to complications, prompting interest in safer, holistic alternatives. Although classical Unani literature does not explicitly define hypothyroidism as a separate disease entity, its clinical features closely resemble Su’-i-Mizāj Bārid Balghamī (cold and phlegmatic dystemperament). This paper presents a comparative analysis of hypothyroidism in Unani and conventional medical systems with regard to etiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and management. Diagnostic tools such as the Billewicz Index and Zulewski’s Score are discussed, along with the correlation of Su’-i-Mizāj Bārid symptoms with hypothyroid manifestations. Unani management emphasizes Ilāj-bil-Ghizā, Ilāj-bit-Tadbīr, and Ilāj-bid-Dawā, supported by herbal drugs with thyroid-stimulating potential. Integrating both systems may offer a more holistic approach in managing hypothyroidism.