CONCEPT OF SWITRA IN AYURVEDA: A COMPREHENSIVE CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING

Abstract

Switra, described in Ayurvedic classics as a hypopigmentary skin disorder, is characterized by white patches on the skin due to the vitiation of Tridosha and involvement of Dhatus like Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, and Meda. It correlates with vitiligo in modern medicine, an autoimmune condition affecting 1-2% of the global population, often triggered by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. This review synthesizes insights from classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary studies on Switra's etymology, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, prognosis, and management, emphasizing therapies like Shodhana (purification), Shamana (pacification), and Raktamokshana (bloodletting). The analysis highlights the holistic Ayurvedic approach, including the role of Bhrajaka Pitta in skin pigmentation and the importance of pragmatic clinical interventions for psychological and physical well-being.