AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON NIDRA AS A PILLAR OF LIFE (TRAYOPASTAMBHA)

Abstract

Background In Ayurveda, Nidra (sleep) is described as one of the Trayopastambha—the three pillars of life—along with Ahara (food) and Brahmacharya (regulated conduct). It plays a vital role in maintaining physical, mental, and emotional equilibrium. Adequate and timely Nidra is essential for Dhatu Pushti (tissue nourishment), Sharira Bala (body strength), Varna (complexion), and Sukha (happiness). Disturbance in Nidra leads to various psychosomatic disorders such as Anidra (insomnia), Tandra, and Jadya.Aim To analyze the Ayurvedic concept of Nidra as a pillar of life and correlate its physiological and pathological aspects with modern sleep science. Objectives To review classical Ayurvedic references on Nidra from Brihatrayi and Laghutrayi. To understand the types, causes, and effects of Nidra as per Ayurveda. To correlate the Ayurvedic understanding of Nidra with modern physiological and neurobiological concepts of sleep. To explore the therapeutic and preventive significance of proper Nidra in health maintenance and disease prevention. Materials and Methods This study is a literary and analytical review based on classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, along with relevant commentaries. Modern scientific literature, journal articles, and research studies related to sleep physiology and disorders were also reviewed to establish cross-disciplinary correlations. Results Ayurvedic literature emphasizes Nidra as a natural, restorative process governed by Tamasika Avastha of Manas and Kapha Dosha. The analysis revealed that Nidra contributes significantly to anabolic processes, cognitive stability, hormonal balance, and immunity. Modern sleep science supports these findings, identifying sleep as crucial for neuroendocrine regulation, memory consolidation, and cellular repair. Conclusion Nidra is not merely a resting state but a vital physiological function integral to holistic well-being. Maintaining proper sleep hygiene in accordance with Ayurvedic principles can prevent lifestyle disorders, improve longevity, and promote mental and physical health.