A NIDANATMAKA STUDY OF VATRAKTA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS SAMPRAPTI

Abstract

Background: Vatarakta comparable to gouty arthritis in modern medicine is a chronic disorder resulting from metabolic imbalances caused by improper dietary and lifestyle habits. It is characterized by the vitiation of Vata and Rakta (blood). In the initial stage, aggravated Vata obstructs the channels of Rakta, which in turn leads to mutual obstruction between the two. Clinically, Vatarakta exhibits features similar to those of gout. From a modern perspective, gout is primarily associated with elevated serum uric acid levels (hyperuricemia), arising due to increased production, decreased excretion, or a combination of both mechanisms.

Aim:

To study Vatarakta from a Nidanatmaka (etiopathological) perspective with special reference to its Samprapti (pathogenesis) as described in Ayurvedic texts.

Materials and Methods:

A comprehensive review of classical Ayurvedic texts, relevant commentaries, and modern literature was undertaken to compile and analyze the Nidana Panchaka of Vatarakta including Hetu (etiological factors), Purvarupa, Rupa, Upashaya–Anupashaya, and Samprapti. The conceptual correlation of Vatarakta with gout was also discussed to understand its pathophysiological similarities.

Results:

The review revealed that Vatarakta develops due to indulgence in Ahita Ahara–Vihara such as excessive intake of Guru, Snigdha, and Amla foods, alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle. These factors lead to the vitiation of Vata and Rakta, causing mutual obstruction and subsequent inflammatory manifestations in the joints. The Samprapti follows a sequential involvement of Dosha, Dushya, and Srotas, which aligns closely with the pathophysiology of hyperuricemia and gout in modern science.

  Conclusion:

Understanding the Nidana and Samprapti of Vatarakta provides a rational foundation for its prevention and management. By addressing causative factors through proper Ahara, Vihara, and Samshodhana therapies, Vatarakta can be effectively managed, highlighting Ayurveda’s holistic and preventive approach toward metabolic joint disorders.