A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON TERMINALIA ARJUNA: PHYTOCONSTITUENTS, PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS, AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Background: Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) is a well-known medicinal plant in Ayurveda, recognized for its cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. Traditionally, it has been used in the management of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, and metabolic imbalances. The plant is rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and triterpenoids, which contribute to its therapeutic potential. Objectives: This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of Arjuna's medicinal properties, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities Methods: A systematic review of classical Ayurvedic texts, ethnobotanical studies, and recent pharmacological research on Terminalia arjuna was conducted. Data sources included peer-reviewed journals, traditional Ayurvedic literature, and electronic databases. The review focused on the plant’s active constituents, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications. Results: Research indicates that Arjuna has significant cardioprotective effects, including antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and anti-ischemic properties. Its antioxidant activity helps mitigate oxidative stress, while its hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects contribute to liver health. Studies also highlight its wound-healing, antimicrobial, and adaptogenic benefits. The bark extract is widely used in Ayurveda for Hridya Roga (cardiac disorders) and Yakrit Vikara (liver disorders). Conclusion:-The medicinal properties of Arjuna make it a valuable herb in both traditional and modern healthcare systems. Its cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects have been well-documented, warranting further clinical trials to establish standardized formulations and dosages. Integration of Arjuna in modern medicine could provide a natural, evidence-based approach to managing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.