A CRITICAL REVIEW OF YOJANA CHATUSHKA IN CHARAKA SAMHITA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RAKTASHRITA VYADHI

Abstract

Background: Charaka Samhita, a foundational text of Ayurveda, contains eight Chatushkas (groups of four chapters) designed to establish comprehensive principles of health and disease management. The Yojana Chatushka, encompassing four specific chapters, focuses on therapeutic planning, individualized treatment strategies, and the rational use of interventions. Understanding its principles is essential for addressing complex diseases like Raktashrita Vyadhi (blood-borne disorders), which include conditions such as Raktapitta, Kustha, and Vatarakta. Objectives: To critically review the concepts and therapeutic principles described in Yojana Chatushka of Charaka Samhita. To analyze its relevance and applicability in the management of Raktashrita Vyadhi. Methods: A qualitative textual analysis was conducted by thoroughly reviewing the Yojana Chatushka in Charaka Samhita. Classical commentaries such as Ayurveda Deepika and Charaka Tattva Prakashika were examined for interpretative insights. Correlations with the pathogenesis and treatment of Raktashrita Vyadhi were established through critical appraisal of relevant chapters, cross-references, and clinical implications. Results: The Yojana Chatushka provides detailed guidance on Yukti (rational planning), Anumana (inference), and Pramana (valid knowledge), which are vital for individualized treatment. Its emphasis on the assessment of Desha, Kala, Prakriti, and Bala directly supports the precise management of Raktashrita Vyadhi, where the dynamic involvement of Rakta Dhatu and Doshas necessitates a tailored therapeutic approach. Specific treatments for Raktashrita Vyadhi, like Raktamokshana, Virechana, and Tikta Rasa Pradhana Dravyas, align with the strategies outlined in Yojana Chatushka. Conclusion: The strategic principles of Yojana Chatushka remain highly applicable to the management of Raktashrita Vyadhi. Its rational, patient-specific therapeutic planning ensures effective outcomes in such complex disorders. This critical review underscores the need to revive and apply classical Ayurvedic planning methods in contemporary clinical practice.