DARSHANA IN AYURVEDA: PHILOSOPHY IN PRACTICE

Abstract

Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, is deeply influenced by the philosophical frameworks of both Astika and Nastika darshanas. These schools contribute significantly to its theoretical foundations and practical applications. Astika darshans such as Sāṅkhya, Nyaya, Vaisesika, Yoga, and Vedanta provide essential insights into Ayurvedic concepts like the tridoṣa theory, body-mind constitution (prakriti), diagnostic reasoning, and the integration of physical and spiritual health. Sāṅkhya offers a metaphysical basis for understanding human physiology, while Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika support logic, epistemology, and pharmacological categorization. Yoga enriches preventive and mental health practices through mind-body discipline. On the other hand, Nāstika darśanas like Buddhism and Jainism shape Ayurveda’s ethical outlook, emphasizing non-violence, mindfulness, and compassion in healing practices. Even Cārvāka’s materialist approach contributes by promoting empirical reasoning and critical thinking. The synthesis of these philosophical traditions enables Ayurveda to function as a comprehensive, rational, and ethically grounded medical system that addresses health at physical, mental, and spiritual levels.