A DETAILED STUDY OF ASTHI MAJJA KSHAYA WITH ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATION OF OSTEOPOROSIS

Abstract

Background: Asthi Majja Kshaya, as described in Ayurveda, denotes the depletion of asthi (bone tissue) and majja (marrow), resulting in clinical manifestations such as bone fragility, joint instability, and neurological deficits. Osteoporosis, a contemporary musculoskeletal disorder, shares similar pathophysiology, presenting with reduced bone mineral density (BMD), micro-architectural deterioration, and increased fracture risk. Exploring Asthi Majja Kshaya through both Ayurvedic and anatomical lenses can help bridge ancient concepts with modern clinical frameworks. The study revealed a significant overlap between Asthi Majja Kshaya and osteoporosis in terms of pathogenesis, symptoms (like pain, brittleness, deformity), and progression. Ayurvedic descriptions of Asthi Dhatu Kshaya, Sandhi Vedana, and bheda sparsha closely mimic features like bone pain, decreased BMD, and fragility fractures. The majja kshaya parallels spinal cord compression and neurodegenerative outcomes seen in advanced osteoporosis. Preventive regimens like Asthi Vardhaka Ahara, Snehana, Basti, and Rasayana therapy offer promising leads for integrative management. Aim: To conduct a comprehensive review of Asthi Majja Kshaya and correlate it with the anatomical and pathological features of osteoporosis. Objectives: To explore the classical Ayurvedic understanding of Asthi and Majja Dhatu and their Kshaya Lakshana (degenerative features). To analyze the anatomical structure and physiological role of bone and marrow in light of modern science. To correlate the signs and symptoms of Asthi Majja Kshaya with the diagnostic criteria and pathology of osteoporosis. To evaluate the relevance of Ayurvedic preventive and therapeutic interventions for osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: A literary review was conducted using primary Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) along with contemporary commentaries. Modern data were compiled from anatomy and pathology textbooks, research journals (PubMed, Scopus), and WHO criteria for osteoporosis. Correlation was established through comparative analysis of Ayurvedic symptoms and modern clinical features. Conclusion: Ayurvedic concepts of Asthi Majja Kshaya offer a holistic view of osteoporosis that includes both anatomical degradation and systemic depletion. Integrating Ayurvedic principles into modern osteoporosis management may enhance early diagnosis, preventive care, and individualized therapeutic strategies.