A REVIEW ON GARBHA SHARIR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANGOTPATTI (ORGANOGENESIS)

Abstract

Background Garbha Sharir (embryology) is a fundamental branch of Sharira Rachana that provides insight into the development of the human body from the union of Shukra and Artava to the formation of Anga (organs). The process of Angotpatti, or organogenesis, has been discussed by various Acharyas in classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Sangraha, with descriptions that correspond in many ways to modern embryology. This review aims to consolidate classical knowledge with current scientific understanding. Aim To critically review the Ayurvedic concept of Garbha Sharir with special reference to Angotpatti (organogenesis) and correlate it with modern embryological understanding. Objectives To explore classical Ayurvedic references related to Angotpatti. To understand the sequential development of organs during intrauterine life as per Brihattrayi. To identify the role of Tridosha and Panchamahabhuta in embryonic organ formation. To compare Ayurvedic descriptions of Angotpatti with modern organogenesis. To highlight the relevance of Ayurvedic embryology in contemporary medical discourse. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literary review was conducted using Brihattrayi (Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhata Samhitas), authoritative commentaries such as Ayurveda Dipika and Nibandha Sangraha, and modern embryology textbooks. Comparative analysis was done to align classical terms and concepts with modern anatomical and developmental terminology. Results The classical texts describe the formation of Garbha in terms of Panchabhautika principles and Tridosha involvement. Specific timelines are given for the development of Angas (organs) such as Hridaya, Shira, Nabhi, and Guda. Sushruta's month-wise account of Angavibhaga shows remarkable correlation with organogenesis stages described in modern embryology. Conclusion Ayurveda provides a unique and systematic description of embryonic development through the lens of Dosha, Dhatu, and Bhuta contributions. When juxtaposed with modern science, these descriptions reflect deep observational insight and can enrich contemporary understanding of organogenesis through a holistic perspective.