A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE ROLE OF AGNI IN HEALTH DISEASE AND AYURVEDIC THERAPEUTICS

Abstract

Background: The concept of Agni holds a central position in Ayurvedic philosophy, serving as the transformative principle responsible for digestion, metabolism, and assimilation. It is regarded as the root of life (Ayuh) and the primary factor for maintaining Swasthya (health). Derangement of Agni leads to Ama formation, impaired tissue nourishment (Dhatu Poshana), and initiates the cascade of Samprapti (pathogenesis) of various diseases. Aim and Objectives Aim To review and analyze the role of Agni in health, disease, and Ayurvedic therapeutics. Objectives To study the types and functions of Agni. To understand Agni's role in maintaining Swasthya. To explore conditions of Agni Dushti and their effects. To examine the formation of Ama due to impaired Agni. To review therapeutic methods to restore Agni. To correlate Agni with modern digestion and metabolism. Materials and Methods: This conceptual review was conducted through a comprehensive survey of classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and Kashyapa Samhita. Secondary data were sourced from peer-reviewed journals and modern scientific literature to understand the physiological and biochemical correlation of Agni. Emphasis was laid on types of Agni (Jatharagni, Bhutagni, and Dhatvagni), their regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic modulation through Ahara, Vihara, and Aushadha. Results: Agni is classified into thirteen types with Jatharagni being the primary agent responsible for digestion. Balanced Agni (Samagni) sustains Dhatu integrity and supports Ojas production. Disturbance in Agni—either Mandagni, Tikshnagni, or Vishamagni—leads to various systemic disorders. Therapeutic interventions like Deepana, Pachana, Langhana, and Brimhana are strategically employed to restore Agni and prevent disease progression. Conclusion: Agni is the cornerstone of Ayurvedic diagnostics and therapeutics. Preservation and regulation of Agni through dietary, lifestyle, and pharmacological interventions serve as both preventive and curative strategies in Ayurveda. Further integration of Agni concepts with modern gastrointestinal and metabolic science could open new horizons in personalized and functional medicine.