UNDERSTANDING VANDHYATVA THROUGH AYURVEDIC PRINCIPLES: A CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Vandhyatva (infertility) is a complex condition that affects reproductive health and progeny potential. In Ayurvedic literature, it is not merely a disease but a manifestation of Doshic imbalances, Dhatu vitiation (especially Shukra and Artava), and improper Garbhasambhava Samagri. The concept of Vandhyatva incorporates the holistic view of bodily, mental, and lifestyle factors affecting fertility. Understanding it through Ayurvedic principles offers individualized, root-cause-based approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Aim And Objectives Aim:

To explore and analyze Vandhyatva (infertility) through classical Ayurvedic principles and correlate its clinical and pathological aspects with modern medical understanding. Objectives: To study the concept and types of Vandhyatva as described in Ayurvedic texts. To identify the etiological factors (Nidana) and pathogenesis (Samprapti) of Vandhyatva. To evaluate the diagnostic approach of Vandhyatva in Ayurveda and modern science. To review the Ayurvedic therapeutic principles and interventions in managing Vandhyatva. To correlate Ayurvedic pathology with modern clinical findings of infertility. Materials and Methods: This review is based on classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, supported by commentaries like Nibandha Sangraha and Ghanekar Teeka. Secondary sources include modern gynecology and infertility textbooks, peer-reviewed articles, and clinical guidelines. A comparative analysis is drawn between Ayurvedic etiopathogenesis (Samprapti) and modern reproductive pathology. Results: The study identifies multiple etiological factors including Beeja Dushti, Beejabhaga Dushti, Beejabhaga Avayava Dushti, Artava Kshaya, and Vata Prakopa as principal causes of Vandhyatva. Modern medicine links these with anovulation, tubal block, hormonal imbalance, and endometrial pathologies. Ayurvedic approaches like Vatahara, Srotoshodhaka, Artavajanana, and Rasayana therapies show promising results in enhancing reproductive potential and systemic equilibrium. Conclusion: Vandhyatva is a multifactorial disorder that must be approached through a tridoshic, Dhatu-oriented and Agnibala-centered framework in Ayurveda. The integration of classical diagnostic tools with modern investigations can guide comprehensive, individualized management. Understanding the pathology of Vandhyatva through Ayurvedic principles not only enhances treatment efficacy but also reaffirms the timeless relevance of holistic reproductive healthcare.